safety vs. security

hlperng

Safety 與 Security，英文不同，但一般中文都稱為安全或安全性，若是分開時，並不會有太大的爭議，但是從整合管理的概念，這兩個名詞常會相提並論，這時難免會有困擾，勢必要進一步加以區別。

Safety = 安全、安全性，一般性的情況或事件，例如：意外事故有關的職業安全(occupational safety)、系統安全(system safety)。
Security = 保全、保全性，與保護及防止被害有關，常用於有意識的情況或事件，例如：資訊安全(information security)。另外在經濟領域的金控、證券也稱為 security。

• In is common to distinquish between safety and security, where security related to intentional situations and events (terrorist attacks, burglary, etc) in contract to safety, which covers the accident type of situations and events.  It is, however, no problem techically to extend the safety/safe definitions above to also include intentional situations and events, as undesirable events and consequences is also neutral in this respect.  Nevertheless, it maybe attractive in some cases to highlight when security issures are addressed in contrast to accicental events, and then use the term "security".  (Terje Aven, University of Stavanger):
• Security implies a stable, relatively predictable environment in which an individual or group may pursue its ends without disruption or harm and without fear of disturbance or injury.  (Fischer, 2004)
• Security can be defined as those methods that promote a safe and protected environment so people can pursue their daily activities. (Philip, 2006)
  

Safety，安全性，著眼於物品、狀況或事件對外的影響，包括人員、財物及環境。類比環境保護 (environmental protection) 的概念。安全性 (safety) 與 功能性 (functionality) 有關，屬於無意圖的失誤。

Security，保全性，著眼於外來因素對物品、狀況或事件的影響。例如：外來威脅、或本身脆弱性，可能造成資料洩漏、暴露被更改等資安事故，類比環境工程（環境試驗）的概念，所關心的是外來的溫度、濕度、振動、衝擊、電磁干擾、輻射線等對物品的影響或破壞。保全性 (security) 與秘密 (secrets) 有關，為有意圖的失誤。