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本帖最後由 hlperng 於 2015-5-6 09:53 編輯
近年來,愈來愈多的電機電子及可程式電子 (electrical/electronic/programmable electronic, E/E/PE) 產品應用在各種產業,以其強大的功能能力,扮演安全監測與安全儀控等安全性任務,這類系統通常被稱為為安全相關系統 (safety-related system, SRS),而這些功能的導入,對人員、財物、及環境等可能會造成或衍生的一些影響,這是屬於安全性的專業領域,變成近年來電子產業必須關注與聚焦的新興議題,為此國際電工委員會 (IEC) 在 1998 年推出 IEC 61508 功能安全性 (functional safety) 系列國際標準。
功能安全性 (functional safety) 的定義:- part of the overall safety relating to the EUC and the EUC control system that depends on the correct functioning of the E/E/PE safety-related systems and other risk reduction measures. (IEC 61508-4:2010 ed2.0, 3.1.12)
- part of the overall safety relating to the EUC and the EUC control system which depends on the correct funcitoning of the E/E/PE safety-related systems, other technology safety-related systems and external risk reduction facilities. (IEC 61508-4:1998, ed1.0, 3.1.9)
- part of overall safety relating to the process and the BPCS which depends on the correct functioning of the SIS and other protection layers. (IEC 61511-1:2003, 3.2.25)
- part of the safety of the machine and the machine control system which depend on the correct functioning of the SRECS, other technology safety-related systems and external risk reduction facilities. (IEC 62061:2005, 3.2.9)
- absense of unreasonable risk due to hazards caused by malfunctioning behaviour of E/E systems. (ISO 26262-1:2011, ed1.0, 1.51)
安全完整性 (safety integrity)的定義:
- probability of an E/E/PE safety-related system satisfactorily performing the specified safety functions under all the stated conditions within a stated period of time. (IEC 61508-4:2010 ed2.0, 3.5.4)
- average probabilty of a safety instrumeted system satisfactorily performing the required safety intrumented functions under all the stated conditions within a stated period of time. (IEC 61511-1:2003, ed1.0, 3.2.73)
- probability of a SRECS or its subsystem satisfactorily performing the required safety-related control functions under all stated condtions. (IEC 62061:2005, ed1.0, 3.2.19)
功能安全性專業,在國際標準 IEC 61508 系列架構下,各產業陸續衍生推出符合該產業特色的詳細需求 IEC 或 ISO 國際標準,分別為:
- 電子產業:IEC 61508 系列 ed1.0 (1998)、ed2.0 (2010)
- 製程產業:IEC 61511 系列 (2003),IEC 61511-1 ed 1.0 (2003), IEC 61511-2 ed 1.0 (2003), IEC 61511-3 ed 1.0 (2003)
- 機械產業:IEC 62061 ed 1.0 (2005);ISO 13849-1:2006、ISO 13849-2:2012
- 核電產業:IEC 61513 ed 1.0 (2001-03-22),ed 2.0 (2011-08-22)
- 軌道產業:EN 50128 ed 1.0 (2001),ed 2.0 (2011)
- 汽車產業:ISO 26262 系列 ed1.0 (2011),ISO 26262-1:2011、ISO 26262-2:2011、ISO 26262-3:2011、ISO 26262-4:2011、ISO 26262-5:2011、ISO 26262-6:2011、ISO 26262-7:2011、ISO 26262-8:2011、ISO 26262-9:2011、ISO 26262-10:2012。
- 白色家電:IEC 60730 附錄 H ed 1.0 (2003),ed 2.0 (2010)
針對汽車產業功能安全性國際標準需求 ISO 26262 系列的架構,車輛測試中心有完整的介紹,連結網址如下:
http://www.artc.org.tw/chinese/03_service/03_02detail.aspx?pid=1。
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