預防是從現在開始,太早叫過去、太晚叫未來,過猶不及。前車之鑑、後事之師,過去就是未來,完全在於起心動念採取行動的一剎那。剎那即永恆,一切在過程中。新版品質管理國際標準 ISO 9001:2015 倡導系統架構與風險思維的系統手法,預防行動 (preventive action) 一詞已經去標籤化,在本文中幾乎不存在,所有相關要求依照持續改進的基本原則,及時當下納入過程中各個適切的作業點。
系統工程 (systems engineering) vs. 工程系統 (engineering a system)
系統工程過程 ⇒ V-形生命週期管理 ⇒ ISO 26262:2010 ⇒ AIAG-VDA FMEA Handbook 2019
plan vs. action:
CAPA (corrective action and preventive action) 矯正措施與預防措施 還是 改正行動與預防行動
action = 行動、動作、行為、作用、行徑
action: the fact or process of doing something, typically to achieve an aim.
措施 = measure = 措施、手段、度量
measure: a plan or course of action taken to achieve a particular purpose.
action plan = measure
措施 = 行動計畫
措施是計畫、是文檔,看得見、有績效;行動是無形、是共業,沒績效!哪個比較重要,立見分明!品質人神主牌:PDCA = Plan, Do, Check, Action ,Action 普遍講行動,很少說是措施!Please don't change anything!
ISO/IEC TR 9126-4:2004, Software engineering - Product quality - Part 4: Quality in use metrics ⇒ 已為 ISO/IEC 25022:2016 所取代。
IEEE STD 730:2014, IEEE Standard for Software Quality Assurance Processes (revision of IEEE STD 730:2002)
軟體產品評估 ISO 14598 系列國際標準:
ISO 14598-1:1999, Software engineering - Product evaluation - Part 1: General overview (GB/T 18905-1:2002 IDT)
ISO 14598-2:1999, Software engineering - Product evaluation - Part 2: Planning and management
ISO 14598-3:2000, Software engineering - Product evaluation - Part 3: Process for developers
ISO 14598-4:1999, Software engineering - Product evaluation - Part 4: Process for acquirers
ISO 14598-5:1998, Software engineering - Product evaluation - Part 5: Process for evaluators
ISO 14598-6:2001, Software engineering - Product evaluation - Part 6: Documentation of evaluation modulus (GB/T 18905-6:2002 IDT)
系統與軟體品質要求與評估 ISO 25000 系列國際標準簡稱為 SQuaRE:
ISO/IEC 2500n:軟體產品品質管理部分
ISO/IEC 25000:2014:Systems and software engineering - Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) - Guide to SQuaRE
ISO/IEC 25001:2014, Systems and software engineering - Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE)
ISO/IEC 2501n:軟體產品品質模型部分
ISO/IEC 25010:2011, Systems and software engineering - Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE)
ISO/IEC 25011:2017, Information technology - Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) - Service quality models
ISO/IEC 25012:2008, Software engineering - Software product Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) -Data quality model
ISO/IEC 2502n:軟體產品品質量測部分
ISO/IEC 25020:2019, Systems and software engineering - Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) - Quality measurement framework
ISO/IEC 25021:2012, Systems and software engineering - Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) - Quality measure elements
ISO/IEC 25022:2016, Systems and software engineering - Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) - Measurement of quality in use
ISO/IEC 25023:2016, Systems and software engineering - Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) - Measurement of system and software product quality
ISO/IEC 25024:2015, Systems and software engineering - Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) - Measurement of data quality
ISO/IEC 25025:2019 (PDTS), Information technology - Systems and software Quality Requiremens and Evaluation (SQuaRE) - Measurement of IT service quality
ISO/IEC 2503n:軟體產品品質要求部分
ISO/IEC 25030:2019, Systems and software engineering - Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) - Quality requirements framework
ISO/IEC 2504n:軟體產品品質評估部分
ISO/IEC 25040:2011, Systems and software engineering - Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) - Evaluation process